Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) Test
Uncover hidden protein patterns behind fatigue and recurrent infections.
The Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) test is a specialised blood investigation that separates and measures the major protein fractions in your blood. It is used to screen for abnormal protein production, which can occur in conditions such as multiple myeloma, chronic infections, inflammatory disorders, and kidney or liver disease. This test is particularly valuable for patients with unexplained fatigue, bone pain, recurrent infections, or abnormal total protein or globulin results on routine blood tests. It is also used to monitor known paraproteinaemias and related disorders.
The test provides a detailed breakdown of the following protein fractions and calculated values:
Total Protein and Albumin
- Total protein: the overall amount of protein in the blood, including albumin and globulins.
- Albumin: the most abundant protein, important for maintaining fluid balance and transporting hormones, drugs, and nutrients.
Globulin Fractions
- Alpha-1 globulin: includes proteins such as alpha-1 antitrypsin, which help protect tissues from inflammation.
- Alpha-2 globulin: includes proteins such as haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin, involved in iron handling and antioxidant defence.
- Beta globulin: includes transferrin (iron transport) and complement proteins (immune defence).
- Gamma globulin: includes immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by the immune system; abnormal bands here may indicate a paraprotein.
Calculated Ratio and Additional Findings
- Albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio: a calculated value that can help identify imbalances between albumin and globulin levels.
- Paraprotein (if detected): an abnormal monoclonal protein band, sometimes called an M-protein, which may require further investigation.
Why it matters
Detecting abnormal protein patterns early can help your doctor identify serious conditions such as multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders, as well as chronic inflammatory or infectious diseases. The SPEP test provides essential information that guides further testing and timely specialist referral, supporting better outcomes through early intervention.
Total Protein and Albumin
- Total Protein
- Albumin
Globulin Fractions
- Alpha-1 Globulin
- Alpha-2 Globulin
- Beta Globulin
- Gamma Globulin
Calculated Ratio and Additional Findings
- Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio
- Paraprotein (if detected)
No special preparation required.
For blood tests, we recommend drinking plenty of water beforehand to ensure smooth sample collection. If you are taking any regular medication, continue to do so unless advised otherwise by your doctor.
Important Clinical Information:
This test is a screening tool to monitor and support your overall health. It does not replace your GP or consultant.
Always discuss your test results, especially any abnormal results, with your GP, who can interpret them in the context of your medical history and overall health.