PCOS Blood Test – Advanced (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Profile II is a comprehensive blood panel designed for women who are experiencing symptoms suggestive of PCOS, such as irregular or absent periods, difficulty conceiving, acne, or excess hair growth. It is also valuable for those with an existing diagnosis who wish to gain a deeper understanding of the hormonal and metabolic factors influencing their condition. This profile combines key reproductive hormones with important metabolic markers to provide a holistic view of the endocrine and metabolic systems, helping to identify the specific drivers of PCOS in each individual.

This panel evaluates a broad range of markers, grouped into the following categories:

Reproductive Hormones
- Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH): A key marker of ovarian reserve, often elevated in PCOS.
- Luteinising Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Assessed as a ratio, an elevated LH:FSH ratio can support a PCOS diagnosis.
- Prolactin (PRL): Elevated levels can disrupt ovulation and mimic PCOS symptoms.
- Oestradiol (E2): The primary form of oestrogen, important for assessing ovarian function.

Androgens
- Testosterone (Total)
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG): A protein that binds to testosterone; low levels can increase free, active testosterone.
- Free Androgen Index (FAI) and Free Testosterone Index: Calculated values that estimate the amount of unbound, active testosterone in the body.
- Androstenedione and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEA-S): Other androgens that can be elevated in PCOS.
- 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP): Measured to help rule out non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a rare cause of androgen excess.

Metabolic & Glycaemic Markers
- Fasting Glucose and Insulin: Used to calculate the Fasting Insulin Resistance Index (FIRI), a key indicator of insulin resistance, which is a common underlying feature of PCOS.
- HbA1c: Reflects average blood sugar control over the previous 2-3 months.
- Lipid Profile: Assesses cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as PCOS is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Adrenal & Thyroid Function
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Free Thyroxine (fT4): Screen for thyroid disorders, which can cause menstrual irregularities.
- Cortisol: The primary stress hormone; imbalances can affect other hormones.
- Albumin: A protein that binds to hormones in the blood, influencing their free, active levels.

Why it matters
PCOS is a complex and heterogeneous condition, meaning its presentation and underlying causes can vary significantly from one woman to another. A one-size-fits-all approach is rarely effective. By providing a detailed profile of reproductive hormones, androgens, and metabolic markers, this test empowers you and your doctor to move beyond a general diagnosis. The results can help pinpoint whether your symptoms are primarily driven by insulin resistance, adrenal androgen excess, or a hormonal imbalance. This precise insight is crucial for developing a personalised and effective management plan, whether your goal is to manage symptoms, improve metabolic health, or enhance your fertility.