Lipoprotein Electrophoresis Test

The Lipoprotein Electrophoresis Test is a specialised lipid investigation that separates and identifies the different classes of lipoproteins circulating in your blood. Unlike a standard cholesterol check, which reports total cholesterol and its broad fractions, this test provides a detailed breakdown of the individual lipoprotein particles. It is particularly valuable for clinicians investigating inherited lipid disorders (such as familial hypercholesterolaemia or familial dyslipidaemias), unexplained cardiovascular risk, or abnormal lipid results that do not fit a typical pattern.

The test is performed using electrophoresis, an analytical technique that separates lipoproteins according to their electrical charge and size as they migrate through a supporting medium. This allows each lipoprotein class to be visualised and quantified, producing a characteristic pattern that can reveal the presence of abnormal or atypical lipoproteins.

Lipoprotein Fractions Assessed

• Chylomicrons: large triglyceride-rich particles that normally appear only after a fatty meal; their persistence can indicate a disorder of fat metabolism.
• Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL): triglyceride-rich particles produced by the liver.
• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL): the primary carrier of cholesterol and a key driver of atherosclerotic risk.
• Intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL): a transitional particle between VLDL and LDL.
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL): the protective fraction involved in reverse cholesterol transport.
• Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]: an inherited particle associated with increased cardiovascular and thrombotic risk.
• Abnormal or variant bands: such as a broad beta band or floating beta band, which may indicate specific inherited dyslipidaemias.

Why it matters

Standard lipid profiles can miss inherited or atypical lipoprotein abnormalities that carry significant cardiovascular risk. By separating and identifying each lipoprotein class, this test gives your clinician a far more precise picture of your lipid metabolism. That clarity supports earlier diagnosis of familial lipid disorders, more accurate risk stratification, and treatment decisions tailored to your specific lipoprotein pattern rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.

Lipoprotein Fractions
- Chylomicrons
- Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
- Intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
- Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]
- Abnormal or variant lipoprotein bands

No special preparation required.

For blood tests, we recommend drinking plenty of water beforehand to ensure smooth sample collection. If you are taking any regular medication, continue to do so unless advised otherwise by your doctor.