Insulin Blood Test (Fasting or 2-Hour After Meal)

This test measures the level of insulin in your blood, providing a direct window into how well your body is managing blood sugar. It is used to investigate hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar), to help distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and to assess insulin resistance, a key feature of metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is also valuable in monitoring patients with insulinomas or those receiving insulin therapy.

Biomarker included

• Insulin: A hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. It regulates glucose uptake into cells and is central to energy metabolism. Measuring insulin levels helps evaluate pancreatic beta-cell function and can reveal hyperinsulinaemia (high insulin) or hypoinsulinaemia (low insulin), which may occur in conditions such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, or insulinoma.

Why it matters

Insulin is the master regulator of blood sugar. An imbalance can lead to fatigue, weight changes, and long-term complications affecting the heart, nerves, and kidneys. Early detection of insulin resistance allows for lifestyle changes and medical interventions that can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. For those with existing diabetes, knowing insulin levels helps tailor treatment for better glucose control and overall wellbeing.