Gastric Function Panel 2

This panel is designed for individuals experiencing persistent indigestion, upper abdominal discomfort, bloating, or a history of gastric complaints where the underlying cause has not yet been identified. It combines serological and biomarker analysis to assess both active Helicobacter pylori infection and the functional status of the gastric mucosa. The panel uses standard immunoassay techniques to measure specific antibodies and pepsinogen proteins in a simple blood sample.

Helicobacter pylori markers
- Helicobacter pylori antibody (ANTI-HP): Detects antibodies produced by the immune system in response to H. pylori, indicating current or past exposure to this common bacterium.
- Helicobacter pylori antigen (HPAG): Identifies the presence of H. pylori antigens, which can support the detection of an active infection.

Gastric mucosal markers
- Pepsinogen I (PG1): A proenzyme secreted by chief cells in the gastric corpus; low levels can suggest atrophy of the gastric body mucosa.
- Pepsinogen II (PG2): A proenzyme produced throughout the stomach and in the duodenum; levels can rise in response to inflammation or metaplasia.
- Pepsinogen I/II ratio (calculated): A derived index that helps distinguish between normal gastric mucosa and atrophic changes, which may be associated with chronic gastritis or increased gastric cancer risk.

Why it matters
Chronic H. pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy are significant risk factors for peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Identifying these markers early allows for appropriate clinical management, including eradication therapy where indicated, and can guide further investigation such as endoscopy. This panel provides a non-invasive first-line assessment to support timely and targeted care.