Gastric Function Panel 3

The Gastric Function Panel 3 is a focused blood test designed for people with persistent or unexplained digestive symptoms such as indigestion, bloating, upper abdominal discomfort, nausea, or early fullness. It is also useful for those with a family history of gastric conditions or who simply want a clearer picture of how their stomach is functioning. The panel uses a simple blood sample, analysed in our UK laboratory using validated immunoassay techniques, to assess two key areas: current Helicobacter pylori infection and the health of the gastric mucosa.

What the markers show

• Helicobacter pylori antigen (HPAG): Detects the presence of H. pylori, a common bacterium that can colonise the stomach lining. Persistent infection is a major cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and is linked to an increased risk of gastric cancer. Identifying it allows for appropriate treatment and follow-up.

• Pepsinogen I (PG1): A proenzyme produced by the chief cells of the stomach. Its level reflects the mass and activity of the gastric glands in the body of the stomach. Low levels can indicate atrophy of the gastric mucosa, a condition that may precede more serious gastric changes.

• Pepsinogen II (PG2): Produced by chief cells and mucous neck cells throughout the stomach. It is also found in the duodenum. PG2 levels can rise in response to inflammation or H. pylori infection.

• Pepsinogen I/II ratio (calculated): This ratio is a well-established marker of gastric mucosal health. A low ratio (typically below 3) is strongly associated with atrophic gastritis and is used as a screening tool for gastric cancer risk in some populations. It provides a more robust indicator than either pepsinogen alone.

Why it matters

Chronic H. pylori infection and atrophic gastritis often develop silently over years. This panel gives you and your doctor a clear, non-invasive way to detect these conditions early, when intervention is most effective. Whether you are investigating ongoing symptoms or assessing your baseline gastric health, the results can guide targeted treatment, lifestyle changes, and appropriate monitoring, helping to protect your long-term digestive wellbeing.